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Space Shuttle retirement
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Space Shuttle retirement : ウィキペディア英語版
Space Shuttle retirement

The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011. ''Discovery'' was the first of the three active space shuttles to be retired, completing its final mission on March 9, 2011; ''Endeavour'' did so on June 1. The final shuttle mission was completed with the landing of ''Atlantis'' on July 21, 2011, closing the 30-year Space Shuttle program.
The Shuttle was presented to the public in 1972 as a "space truck" which would, among other things, be used to build a United States space station in low earth orbit in the early-1990s and then be replaced by a new vehicle. When the concept of the U.S. space station evolved into that of the International Space Station, which suffered from long delays and design changes before it could be completed, the service life of the Space Shuttle was extended several times until 2011 when it was finally retired.
In 2010 the Shuttle was formally scheduled for retirement with ''Atlantis'' being taken out of service first after STS-132 in May of that year, but the program was once again extended when the two final planned missions were delayed until 2011.〔Malik, Tariq ("NASA Delays Space Shuttle Program's End to 2011" ). Space.com, July 1, 2010〕 Later, one additional mission was added for ''Atlantis'' for July 2011, extending the program further. Counter-proposals to the shuttle's retirement were considered by Congress and the prime contractor United Space Alliance as late as spring 2010.
Hardware developed for the Space Shuttle met various ends with conclusion of the program, including donation, disuse and/or disposal, or reuse. An example of reuse, is that one of the three Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) was converted to a permanent module for the International Space Station.〔(Chris Gebhardt – "PMM Leonardo: The Final Permanent U.S. Module for the ISS" (October 6, 2010) )〕
==Fate of surviving STS program hardware==


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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